Cannabinol (CBN) typically appears as a red oily substance and is primarily formed through the oxidation of THC, which is why its levels are higher in older cannabis samples. It was the first cannabinoid ever discovered – identified in the late 19th century, though its structure wasn't described until 1930.

What are the effects of CBN?

There are relatively few scientific studies on the effects of CBN, and only a fraction have been conducted on humans. In what is likely the very first study (1976), CBN was observed to have a strong sedative effect when combined with THC (Hollister, 1975).

According to a 1997 study, CBN triggered behavior in test animals suggesting psychoactivity. Its potency was estimated to be about one-eighth that of THC. CBN binds relatively weakly to CB1 (Ki 211.2 nM) and CB2 (Ki 126.4 nM) receptors, but still activates both, similarly to THC (Man-hee Rhee, 1997). CBN has also been shown to stimulate appetite just as effectively as THC, likely mediated via CB1 receptor activation (Whalley, 2012).

CBN has demonstrated antiepileptic activity (Turner, 1980) and anti-inflammatory effects (Evans, 2006), likely due to its ability to bind to the TRPV2 receptor, which is involved in heat response. Similar to CBG, CBN has shown the ability to inhibit excessive proliferation of human skin cells in culture, a trait often associated with conditions like psoriasis. The mechanism is unknown, but CB1 and CB2 receptors are likely not involved (Wilkinson, 2007).

Like other cannabinoids (e.g., CBDV), CBN may stimulate the migration of stem cells from bone marrow to injured tissues, potentially promoting faster fracture healing (Scutt, 2007).

Side effects

CBN, like CBD, can inhibit the activity of the cytochrome P450 enzyme in the liver, which is involved in the metabolism of certain medications (Fernandes, 1973).

Interested in cannabinoids and their effects? Read more on our blog about CBD and CBG.